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Load minimization of the genetic code: history does not explain the pattern

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dc.contributor.authorFreeland, S. J.
dc.contributor.authorHurst, L. D.
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-18T20:27:49Z
dc.date.available2023-07-18T20:27:49Z
dc.date.issued1998-11-07
dc.description.abstractThe average effect of errors acting on a genetic code (the change in amino-acid meaning resulting from point mutation and mistranslation) may be quantified as its 'load'. The natural genetic code shows a clear property of minimizing this load when compared against randomly generated variant codes. Two hypotheses may be considered to explain this property. First, it is possible that the natural code is the result of selection to minimize this load. Second, it is possible that the property is an historical artefact. It has previously been reported that amino acids that have been assigned to codons starting with the same base come from the same biosynthetic pathway. This probably reflects the manner in which the code evolved from a simpler code, and says more about the physicochemical mechanisms of code assembly than about selection. The apparent load minimization of the code may therefore follow as a consequence of the fact that the code could not have evolved any other way than to allow biochemically related amino acids to have related codons. Here then, we ask whether this 'historical' force alone can explain the efficiency of the natural code in minimizing the effects of error. We therefore compare the error-minimizing ability of the natural code with that of alternative codes which, rather than being a random selection, are restricted such that amino acids from the same biochemical pathway all share the same first base. We find that although on average the restricted set of codes show a slightly higher efficiency than random ones, the real code remains extremely efficient relative to this subset P = 0.0003. This indicates that for the most part historical features do not explain the load- minimization property of the natural code. The importance of selection is further supported by the finding that the natural code's efficiency improves relative to that of historically related codes after allowance is made for realistic mutational and mistranslational biases. Once mistranslational biases have been considered, fewer than four per 100,000 alternative codes are better than the natural code.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1689495/
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2iykt-gmut
dc.identifier.citationFreeland S. J. and Hurst L. D. 1998. Load minimization of the genetic code: history does not explain the pattern. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.2652111–2119. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0547.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1998.0547
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/28759
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherThe Royal Societyen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Biological Sciences Department Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Individualized Study Program (INDS)
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.en_US
dc.subjectgenetic codeen_US
dc.subjectnatural selectionen_US
dc.subjecterror minimizationen_US
dc.subjecthistorical restrictionen_US
dc.titleLoad minimization of the genetic code: history does not explain the patternen_US
dc.typeTexten_US

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